Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease
Chronic suppurative lung disease refers to a persistent and recurrent infection of the lungs that causes the production of pus. Unlike acute lung infections that typically resolve with treatment, CSLD is a long-term condition in which the infection and inflammation continue to cause damage to the lungs and airways. This ongoing process often leads to permanent damage to the airways, known as bronchiectasis, where the bronchi (airways) become dilated and damaged due to frequent infections.
Causes of Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease (Bronchiectasis)
- Recurrent respiratory infections (recurrent pneumonia)
- Cystic fibrosis
- Primary ciliary dyskinesia
- Primary or acquired immunodeficiency disorders
- Post infective (e.g. post tuberculosis)
- Allergic bronchopulmonary aspergillosis
- Repeated aspirations
Symptoms of Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease in Children
The symptoms of CSLD in children can vary depending on the severity and underlying cause of the condition, but the most common ones include:
- Chronic cough, often productive, producing thick yellow or greenish sputum (mucus)
- Frequent respiratory infections marked by repeated episodes of fever and increased cough
- Wheezing or shortness of breath
- Chronic fatigue or lethargy
- Poor growth and weight gain
- Clubbing of fingers or toes: in advanced cases, chronic low oxygen levels can lead to the enlargement of the fingertips or toes, a condition known as “clubbing.”
Diagnosing Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease
A detailed medical history and physical examination give clues towards the diagnosis of CSLD and may point towards a specific type. Further, investigations such as X-ray and CT scan of the chest are performed to confirm the presence of bronchiectasis. Diagnosing the type of CSLD may require specific tests such as sweat chloride test, nasal nitric oxide, high speed video microscopy and genetic tests. Pulmonary function tests are usually performed to assess the function of the lung at baseline and on follow-up..
Treatment of Chronic Suppurative Lung Disease
The treatment of CSLD in children aims to control infections, reduce inflammation, and improve lung function. Chest physiotherapy with inhaled medications form the cornerstone of management irrespective of the cause of bronchiectasis. Antibiotics are prescribed for infective flare-ups. Specific treatment depends on the underlying cause of the disease.